Spinoza ethics as a metaphysics of morality. Gadzhikurbanov A.G.

In his study, the author proves that the moral doctrine of Spinoza, set out by him in his main composition “Ethics”, is an example of combining the general philosophical view of the world with a detailed analysis of the phenomena of human moral life. The synthesis of ethics and metaphysics realized in the practical philosophy of Spinozes suggests that the doctrine of the primary foundations of being is determining and prevailing in moral discourse. It is metaphysics that builds the value hierarchy of the universe and determines its main worldview priorities; She also constructs a teleology of moral life. The author of this study offers an extraordinary reading of the naturalistic doctrine of Spinoza, showing that the “natural” installation of the human mind that appears here each time uses some methodological “operator” corresponding to a particular specific context. When analyzing the fundamental topics of the ethical doctrine of Spinoza, the author of the book introduces the concept of “ontological a priori”. The work used the material of the main philosophical works of Spinoza, and some significant letters of the great moralist are also analyzed in detail. It is based on numerous modern studies of the creative heritage of Spinoza in Western and domestic historical and philosophical science.