The Nutcracker and the Mouse King. Hoffman E.

Ernst Theodor Amate Hoffmann (1776-1822) - a German writer, the largest representative of romanticism, as well as a composer and conductor, artist, lawyer.

Hoffmann was born in the Prussian city of Koenigsberg, in the family of a royal lawyer. From an early age, he showed a tendency to music and drawing, at the age of 14 he became a student of an organist. However, the parents had other views on the future of Ernst, and at the age of 16, during family traditions, he enters the university at the Faculty of Law, which is successfully graduating. and literature; At times, he receives the position of a conductor, director of the theater, and a decorator artist, one of his Zingshpiles is put in the theater. Alas, all attempts to earn a living only in art lead to failures. The Hoffmann has to lead a double life: he serves as an official, giving all his free time to creativity. During the 46 years allotted, the great romantic wrote many short stories and three novels, as well as two operas, ballet, sonatas for piano, etc. - in honor of Mozart he loved, he even changed one of his names Wilhelm on Amate. > The vivid feature of Hoffmann poetics is that it does not share phantasmagoria and everyday life; His images, according to the critic of Vl. Solovyov, “are not ghosts from another, alien world, but as the other side of the same reality.”

Hoffmann wrote a lot of unusual terrible fairy tales: “Golden Pot”, “Sanding Man”, “Baby TsAHES , nicknamed Tsinovber, ”but the“ Nutcracker and Mouse King ”occupies a special place even after 200 years. It was first published in the Berlin collection of fairy tales for children in 1816, just at Christmas, then became part of the anthology of the Serapion brothers. The story of the revived dolls was written under the impression of the author’s communication with the children of his friend-servant Julian Gitzig; Fritz and Marie-so the children and called for real. And the Kreathny throttle, ugly, but the skilled master of mechanisms, Hoffmann, is believed to give his features.

In Russia, the works of Hoffmann began to read after his death. In 1835, the first translation of a fairy tale called “Doll Mr. Nutcracus” was published.