Secret physicists from the atomic project of the USSR. Lipun family. Gorobets B.S.

About the life and work of three Soviet nuclear physicists from one family-the brothers Alexander Ilyich and Ovsey Ilyich Leipunsky and their sisters of Dorea Ilyinichna Leipunskaya. All three made a major contribution to the work on the atomic project of the USSR. Their names are in the first secret list of orders for a successful test of the Soviet atomic bomb in 1949

Academician of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine A. I. Leipansky stood at the head of the largest physical institutions of the USSR-the Ukrainian Physical and Technical Institute in Kharkov, Institute of Physics in Kyiv and the Physics and Energy Institute in Obninsk. His group of physicists, the first in the USSR and the second in the world, managed to split the nuclear core, he put forward and implemented the concept of fast neutrons (brider) and a heat -expanded circuit with liquid metals, was the scientific director of the creation of energy nuclear reactors for the fleet and spacecraft. Professor O. I. Leipansky (Institute of Chemical Physics) is the founder of the method of synthesis of diamonds, now used around the world. He is one of the creators of the scientific and methodological base of the radiometry and dosimetry of penetrating radiation, the author (together with Ya. B. Zeldovich) theory of internal ballistics of reactive powder shells (“Katyush”), a developer of modern types of solid fuel for missiles. Professor D. I. Leipunskaya is the head of the laboratory in the secret NII-9, where she was engaged in plutonium technology and dosimeters, and later in the VNII of nuclear geochemistry and geophysics, she developed a method of quantitative neutron and active analysis for reconnaissance of minerals. It is also described about the famous scientists of the Stalin era: L. D. Landau, N. N. Semenov, F. Hotermans, L. S. Polaka and others.

for those who are interested in the history of the 20th century and, in particular, Atomic project of the USSR.